Human breath-hold physiology, including the diving response, cardiovascular control, splenic contraction, oxygen stores, pressure adaptation, and performance limits.
Comprehensive review of the human diving response including bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and splenic contraction. Discusses the role of facial immersion, apnea, and depth in triggering these responses.
View PublicationDemonstrates that the human spleen contracts during apnea, releasing stored red blood cells and increasing oxygen-carrying capacity. Trained breath-hold divers show greater splenic contraction than untrained individuals.
View PublicationComparative study of cardiovascular responses during dry apnea versus face immersion in elite freedivers. Examines heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output changes during simulated dive conditions.
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